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Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys John Crace swims through some fevered modernist memories How to listen to podcasts: everything you need to know. Download Support The Guardian. Wide Sargasso Sea is told by different narrators: mainly the un-named Rochester, Antoinette (who becomes the mad Bertha in Jane Eyre) and Grace Poole, her guardian and nurse. So, although Jean Rhys wrote her own novel as a form of ‘writing back' in dialogue with Jane Eyre, she chose not to use the same narrative method. Wide Sargasso Sea.doc466.pdf. WIDE SARGASSO SEA, Jean Rhys, London, Penguin, 1968, 154 Pages. Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Download full-text PDF. Download citation. Wide.Sargasso.Sea.1993.720p.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H264-FGT » video movie hd 5 years 2974 MB 1 3 Stevie Nicks - In Your Dreams 2011 only1joe FLAC-EAC » audio music lossless.
Wide Sargasso Sea Contents
- Author(s)
- Rhys, Jean
- The context of Wide Sargasso Sea
- Social / political context
- Religious / philosophical context
- Literary context of Wide Sargasso Sea
- Wide Sargasso Sea synopses
- Part one: Antoinette's first narrative
- Part two: Rochester's narrative
- Part two: Antoinette's narrative
- Part two: Rochester's narrative resumes
- Part three: Grace Poole's narrative
- Part three: Antoinette's narrative
- Characterisation
- Narrative in Wide Sargasso Sea
- Themes and significant ideas in Wide Sargasso Sea
- Imagery, metaphor and symbolism in Wide Sargasso Sea
- Structure of Wide Sargasso Sea
- Critical approaches to Wide Sargasso Sea
- Wide Sargasso Sea Essay and Exam help
- Resources and further reading
Wide Sargasso Sea pages 5 - 6: The advent of trouble … The brevity of mortal life
Synopsis of part one, section 1
Antoinette, her disabled little brother Pierre and her young widowed mother live on their dilapidated sugar estate, Coulibri in Jamaica, at some time in the 1830s. Their estate, like those of the other white estate owners (or planters), is suffering economically. The sugar trade has declined after the Emancipation Act of 1833 when slaves were given their freedom. The family faces isolation, poverty, gossip from their white planter neighbours, as well as hostility and mockery from their former black slaves and servants. Antoinette discovers that the family's horse has been killed by poisoning.
Commentary on part one, section 1
- When Antoinette refers to being in a different rank, she expresses her family's sense of difference from the other planters and from richer white incomers now that they are poor.
- Christophine is speaking in English Creole (See: Social / political context > Creole identity and language) when she talk of Antoinette's mother being as pretty as prettiness itself.
- Both Jamaica and Martinique are islands in the Caribbean. In 1839 Martinique was French and Jamaica was British.
- Spanish Town was the capital of Jamaica until 1872, when Kingston became the capital. The town was also a major slave market from the seventeenth century. Originally, Jamaica was a Spanish colony. Spain claimed the island in 1509 after Christopher Columbus landed there in 1494. It became a British colony in 1670/1 when the Spanish formally ceded it to Britain after an invasion in 1655.
- Coulibri Estate was an estate known to Jean Rhys but actually on the island of Dominica, not Jamaica. The name Coulibri comes from a Carib word meaning ‘Humming Bird'.
- The Emancipation Act was passed by the British government in 1833 giving slaves their freedom, although slaves did not have full freedom until 1838 (See: Social / political context > Slavery, slave resistance and the anti-slavery movement)
- Nelson was a naval hero of the British wars against Napoleon and the French. His wife was a West Indian heiress. The name Nelson's Rest also records the threat of invasion by the French in the early nineteenth century.
- The frangipani tree is a tropical shrub or small tree with red flowers that smell especially sweet at night.
- To be marooned means to put ashore on a desolate island or to be really isolated. In Jamaica, however, it has another meaning, as a term for a fugitive slave. ‘Maroons' were runaway slaves and their descendants who fled into the mountains and formed small communities. They put up stiff resistance to colonists.
- In referring to the devil, Godfrey quotes from the Bible, from John 12:31. Godfrey, like the other servants at Coulibri, is a Protestant. This separates him from Annette and Christophine who, as people from Martinique, are Catholics.
Investigating part one, section 1
- The first line of the novel refers to trouble.
- What kinds of trouble are suggested in this opening section?
- Consider how the references to place names and people begin to sketch in the history of the island.
- English Standard Version
- King James Version
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Wide Sargasso Sea Contents
- Author(s)
- Rhys, Jean
- The context of Wide Sargasso Sea
- Social / political context
- Religious / philosophical context
- Literary context of Wide Sargasso Sea
- Wide Sargasso Sea synopses
- Part one: Antoinette's first narrative
- Part two: Rochester's narrative
- Part two: Antoinette's narrative
- Part two: Rochester's narrative resumes
- Part three: Grace Poole's narrative
- Part three: Antoinette's narrative
- Characterisation
- Narrative in Wide Sargasso Sea
- Themes and significant ideas in Wide Sargasso Sea
- Imagery, metaphor and symbolism in Wide Sargasso Sea
- Structure of Wide Sargasso Sea
- Critical approaches to Wide Sargasso Sea
- Wide Sargasso Sea Essay and Exam help
- Resources and further reading
Multiple perspectives
Jean Rhys' novel has two main first person narrators who give their own point of view on the events of the story. Also, the voices of other individuals and groups contribute to the narrative via such devices as:
- Reported speech
- Dialogue
- Letters
- Fragments of song
- Place names.
This mixture of competing and often contradictory voices has meant that Wide Sargasso Sea has been called a ‘multi-vocal' or many-voiced novel. By looking at these different narrative methods carefully you can see how:
- Jean Rhys builds up her story from multiple perspectives
- The novel's form contributes to its themes and ideas.
First and third person narrative
First person narration
This method relates the story in the first person using ‘I'. It offers a writer some powerful possibilities:
- The narrator is a character in the story so readers come to know them as a person
- Readers feel close to the narrator because they share their experience
- The story feels direct and immediate because the narrator participates in the action
- The story can also seem authentic and ‘real' for these reasons.
However, first person narration imposes limitations on the way in which the story can be told:
- The action is seen only from a single point of view; the narrator's. This point of view is therefore one-sided and incomplete
- What this narrator does not see or understand must be left out
- The author must use a range of other devices for telling readers the things the narrator does not know. These devices include letters, questions and reported speech/dialogue.
Third person narration
This is the alternative form of narrative method and the more popular.
- The narrator is not a character within the events related but is distanced from - or outside - them.
- The narrator refers to all the characters as ‘he', ‘she' or ‘they'. Sometimes the narrator may use the first person ‘I' or ‘We' but this is used as a way of commenting on events and their significance
- You may come across the term ‘omniscient' or ‘all knowing' to describe this kind of narrator.
Other aspects of narration to consider
Narrative irony
This happens when the author wishes to show that to some extent the narrative is unreliable. In a first person narration, for example, readers may be made aware that the narrator does not disclose things they know or have done. They may also be unaware of their own shortcomings. The effect of this is to create a sense of distance between the reader and the narrator.
Stream of consciousness
This is a method of narration in which the writing mimics a disjointed flow of interior thoughts and sense impressions. It is often used as a way of representing a wandering mind, confused memories, dreams or the unconscious. It was first developed by Modernist writers such as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf in the early part of the twentieth century. They were interested in finding ways of representing the workings of the mind and subjective experience.
The distinction between the author and the narrator
Whichever method of narration you are reading, do bear in mind that the voice you are hearing is not the author. Authors and narrators are two different things:
- The first are (or were) real people
- The second are constructions in language: they are made up
- Narrators do not necessarily voice the opinions or experiences of their author directly.
Narrative and Wide Sargasso Sea
One of the most significant technical differences between Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea is the narration.
Wide Sargasso Sea Audiobook Downloads
- Jane Eyre says on the title page ‘An Autobiography' and it is told in the first person by a single narrator, Jane herself
- Wide Sargasso Sea is told by different narrators: mainly the un-named Rochester, Antoinette (who becomes the mad Bertha in Jane Eyre) and Grace Poole, her guardian and nurse.
So, although Jean Rhys wrote her own novel as a form of ‘writing back' in dialogue with Jane Eyre, she chose not to use the same narrative method. She had to find a method that worked with her own way of writing and one that connected the form of her novel with its key themes.
Narration and Jean Rhys' way of writing
Jean Rhys didn't write in a logical and organised way. She seems to have written in short and unconnected sections, on scraps of paper. Carol Angier, in her biography of Jean Rhys, says that in the autumn of 1961, when Jean Rhys was in Devon and in a depressed state of mind in writing the novel, the local vicar rescued the work she had done. It wasn't a manuscript but a mass of pieces of paper which he retrieved from ‘plastic bags and hat boxes, from under the bed and the sofa, from on top of wardrobes and inside kitchen cupboards'.
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In a letter to Maryvonne Moerman (May 4th, 1959), Jean Rhys referred to this as her ‘patchwork' method (if you can call it a method) and connects it particularly to her choice of narration. She wanted to get all the necessary ‘colours' and ‘fabrics' arranged just right, though was hesitant about her ability to do so. They could be arranged either in a linear fashion, narrated in the first person, or the story could be divided into first the male then female narrative. She was disinclined to tell the story using the third person from the perspective of authorial omniscience. She said that she preferred direct thoughts and actions.
The letter presents the choices facing her as the author and the reason (directness) why she made the choice she did. The linear narration is the method of Jane Eyre; a clear chronological order and a single narrator who, as ‘I' tells her own story in the first person from childhood to final reconciliation with Rochester when, ‘Reader, I married him'. The first person female / male narrative was the method used by Jean Rhys in Wide Sargasso Sea; she refers to the two main narrators who tell their own versions of the action.
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